6th Grade Egyptian Projects
(Pick one or you may do both for extra credit)
Create a Mummy: 100 pts
You don't need much for this project except an old white T-shirt (it can be ripped and faded), a doll (either Barbie or Ken or one of their many friends), one cup of flour, and 2 cups of water.
First, cut the T-shirt into strips (about a half-inch wide), then mix the water and flour in a bowl. Add the cloth strips to the bowl, and saturate each strip. Wrap the doll with one strip at a time. You may want to wrap the doll twice to make a nicer looking mummy. Allow the mummy to dry overnight. You might even need two nights of drying time. Now your mummy doll is complete. (50)
Insert amulets (special charms) between linen wrappings. You can use anything from jewelry to coins. You should also make a sarcophagus (coffin) out of a cardboard box and decorate it with ancient Egyptian images and hieroglyphics. (20)
Finally, pretend you are an ancient Egyptian scribe. You must write a 1-2 paragraph “newspaper article” that summarizes your mummy’s life. (30)
Build a Pyramid: 100 pts
Back in ancient times, the Egyptians built pyramids out of huge blocks of stones. For this fun project, you won't have to worry about rocks, or even pebbles. In fact, you can even eat this pyramid while you make it! You'll need at least 220 sugar cubes
Glue one side of a sugar cube onto a big piece of cardboard. Make a square of 10 cubes across and 10 cubes down. Make a second layer of 9 cubes, but glue this row about two cm in from the first row. Continue these steps, using eight cubes, then seven, then six and so on until you reach the top of the pyramid. (50)
Once you're done with the glue, you can paint your pyramid and decorate around it! (20)
Finally, you must pretend you are a scribe for Khufu and write a 1-2 paragraph “newspaper article” about the construction and the significance of the newly built pyramids. (30)
DUE: Thursday, January 20th, 2011
Tuesday, January 11, 2011
7th Grade West Africa Notes: Mali
SUNDIATA
• In 1235, defeated Sumanguru at the Battle of Kirina.
• Established the Kingdom of Mali and became king
• Was a magician according to legend
• Re-established farms and agriculture to trade
• Never fought again after Battle of Kirina
• Sent the army out to conquer more land to get more resources
• Re-established Trans-Saharan trade
• Expanded Mali’s trade routes
• Expanded the borders of Mali (which included Ghana)
• Farms included yams, rice, onions, beans, cotton, grain
MANSA MUSA
• 1307- he became king of Mali
• Considered to be the greatest ruler in Mali’s empire
• Devout Muslim but allowed his people to choose and worship their religion
• Made the 3,500 mile pilgrimage from Mali to Mecca ***
• On this journey, he was able to advertise Mali’s trade ****
• Put Mali on the map for many European map makers
• Under his rule, culture and learning flourished****************
• Mali was divided into states under Mansa Musa
• Mali’s borders expanded under him
• Invited Muslim scholars to teach at Mali’s learning center ******
• Accompanied on pilgrimage to Mecca by as many 50,000 people
• Conversion greatly increased because of the expanding trade
o Into Islam- because of the traders
MALI
• Located below the Sahara desert, next to the Niger River
• Capital is Niani
• By the late 1300s, Mali was 3x larger and more powerful than Ghana ever was
• Focused on trade
• Controlled Salt mines in North Taghaza and Copper mines in the east at Takedda
• Contributed to trade by restoring the gold and salt mines
• Controlled Ghana’s gold mines
• Large influence on agriculture
• Economy was based on trade
• Niani is the center of trade
• Borders expanded the most under Mansa Musa
• New land acquired both peacefully and as a result of war
SONGHAI
• Conquered by the Moroccans
• Gao was it’s capital***
• Fought Mali for control
• Songhai stopped paying taxes to Mali when Mansa Musa died
• Sunnu Ali helped free itself from Mali
• Sunni Ali declared Gao’s independence
• Islamic influence
• Mixture of farmers, tradesmen, fishermen, and warriors who lived along the Niger River, near the city of Gao
• Became West Africa’s greatest empire***
• After Mansa Musa died, it was ruled by a series of Kings
• Salt mines were captured by Moroccans
• Last great trading empire of West Africa****
• In 1235, defeated Sumanguru at the Battle of Kirina.
• Established the Kingdom of Mali and became king
• Was a magician according to legend
• Re-established farms and agriculture to trade
• Never fought again after Battle of Kirina
• Sent the army out to conquer more land to get more resources
• Re-established Trans-Saharan trade
• Expanded Mali’s trade routes
• Expanded the borders of Mali (which included Ghana)
• Farms included yams, rice, onions, beans, cotton, grain
MANSA MUSA
• 1307- he became king of Mali
• Considered to be the greatest ruler in Mali’s empire
• Devout Muslim but allowed his people to choose and worship their religion
• Made the 3,500 mile pilgrimage from Mali to Mecca ***
• On this journey, he was able to advertise Mali’s trade ****
• Put Mali on the map for many European map makers
• Under his rule, culture and learning flourished****************
• Mali was divided into states under Mansa Musa
• Mali’s borders expanded under him
• Invited Muslim scholars to teach at Mali’s learning center ******
• Accompanied on pilgrimage to Mecca by as many 50,000 people
• Conversion greatly increased because of the expanding trade
o Into Islam- because of the traders
MALI
• Located below the Sahara desert, next to the Niger River
• Capital is Niani
• By the late 1300s, Mali was 3x larger and more powerful than Ghana ever was
• Focused on trade
• Controlled Salt mines in North Taghaza and Copper mines in the east at Takedda
• Contributed to trade by restoring the gold and salt mines
• Controlled Ghana’s gold mines
• Large influence on agriculture
• Economy was based on trade
• Niani is the center of trade
• Borders expanded the most under Mansa Musa
• New land acquired both peacefully and as a result of war
SONGHAI
• Conquered by the Moroccans
• Gao was it’s capital***
• Fought Mali for control
• Songhai stopped paying taxes to Mali when Mansa Musa died
• Sunnu Ali helped free itself from Mali
• Sunni Ali declared Gao’s independence
• Islamic influence
• Mixture of farmers, tradesmen, fishermen, and warriors who lived along the Niger River, near the city of Gao
• Became West Africa’s greatest empire***
• After Mansa Musa died, it was ruled by a series of Kings
• Salt mines were captured by Moroccans
• Last great trading empire of West Africa****
Hieroglyphics
Hieroglyphics
A. System of Writing called Hieroglyphics
a. Symbols that stood for objects
b. About 400 different symbols
c. Written on papyrus- which is a paper like material
d. Written by scribe
B. The Egyptian system of writing is called hieroglyphics. Contained 800-1000 picture symbols.
C. Written by scribes, who had to attend a special school to learn how to read and write. (MEN)
D. Hieroglyphics were written on papyrus. Papyrus is a reed plant that grew along the Nile River. It was used to make paper.
E. Very few people went to school to become scribes so they became very important to the rulers, priests and pharaohs.
F. Scribes mainly kept records for the rulers, priests and pharaohs.
G. Hieroglyphics fell out of use around 400 AD. We are able to translate hieroglyphics thanks to the Rosetta Stone.
a. Discovered in 1799 A.D.
b. Contains three different languages: hieroglyphics, late Egyptian/Demotic, and Greek
c. Used Greek to translate to English
A. System of Writing called Hieroglyphics
a. Symbols that stood for objects
b. About 400 different symbols
c. Written on papyrus- which is a paper like material
d. Written by scribe
B. The Egyptian system of writing is called hieroglyphics. Contained 800-1000 picture symbols.
C. Written by scribes, who had to attend a special school to learn how to read and write. (MEN)
D. Hieroglyphics were written on papyrus. Papyrus is a reed plant that grew along the Nile River. It was used to make paper.
E. Very few people went to school to become scribes so they became very important to the rulers, priests and pharaohs.
F. Scribes mainly kept records for the rulers, priests and pharaohs.
G. Hieroglyphics fell out of use around 400 AD. We are able to translate hieroglyphics thanks to the Rosetta Stone.
a. Discovered in 1799 A.D.
b. Contains three different languages: hieroglyphics, late Egyptian/Demotic, and Greek
c. Used Greek to translate to English
Egypt Notes
Ancient Egypt
I. The Unification of Upper and Lower Egypt
a. Upper Egypt- the ruler wore a white crown
b. Lower Egypt- the ruler wore a red crown
c. 3100 B.C., Menes, the king of Upper Egypt overthrew the king of Lower Egypt.
d. To symbolize this victory, Menes wore a double crown.
e. Thus he became the first pharaoh, or ruler, of Egypt.
f. The Old Kingdom lasted from 2700 BC to 2200 BC
i. The capital of the Old Kingdom was in Memphis
1. Located on the Nile River between Upper and Lower Egypt
2. Pharaoh ruled Egypt from here
II. The Pharaoh
a. Had tremendous political power
b. Had tremendous religious power as well
i. Egyptians believed the pharaoh was a god
ii. The most important god was the sun god, Ra
iii. Egyptians believed that different gods had different roles
1. Isis protected the sick
2. Her husband Osiris, awaited the dead to be reborn.
3. Egyptians believed that when a person died, they would go on to the next life.
a. Often buried with food and their belongings
iv. When royalty died, they were mummified
1. their bodies were dried out, organs removed, and their bodies were wrapped in cloth.
III. The Economy was based on agriculture
a. The Pharaoh collected the largest amount
b. Crops/food that were produced were grain, eggs, meat, fruits, olive oil.
c. The pharaoh also taxed just about everything
d. People worked for the pharaoh
IV. Religion
a. Polytheism= belief in many gods and goddesses
i. These gods and goddesses controlled every human activity and all natural forces
ii. The major god is Ra, the sun god. Another major god was Sekmut who ruled the Nile River.
iii. Egyptians believed in life after death. The Book of the Dead contained spells that they believed were needed to pass into the afterlife. For hundreds of years, they believed only pharaohs and a few elite people could have life after death.
iv. Mummification- removed the body’s organs, dried out the body and wrapped the body with strips of linen.
V. Pyramids
a. Huge stone structures that were built as tombs or burial places for pharaohs
b. The Great Pyramid of Giza
i. Largest pyramid in Egypt
ii. Located near the city of Giza
iii. Built for the pharaoh Khufu
c. It took thousands of people and several years to build
d. The pyramids also contained items the pharaohs might need in the afterlife.
I. The Unification of Upper and Lower Egypt
a. Upper Egypt- the ruler wore a white crown
b. Lower Egypt- the ruler wore a red crown
c. 3100 B.C., Menes, the king of Upper Egypt overthrew the king of Lower Egypt.
d. To symbolize this victory, Menes wore a double crown.
e. Thus he became the first pharaoh, or ruler, of Egypt.
f. The Old Kingdom lasted from 2700 BC to 2200 BC
i. The capital of the Old Kingdom was in Memphis
1. Located on the Nile River between Upper and Lower Egypt
2. Pharaoh ruled Egypt from here
II. The Pharaoh
a. Had tremendous political power
b. Had tremendous religious power as well
i. Egyptians believed the pharaoh was a god
ii. The most important god was the sun god, Ra
iii. Egyptians believed that different gods had different roles
1. Isis protected the sick
2. Her husband Osiris, awaited the dead to be reborn.
3. Egyptians believed that when a person died, they would go on to the next life.
a. Often buried with food and their belongings
iv. When royalty died, they were mummified
1. their bodies were dried out, organs removed, and their bodies were wrapped in cloth.
III. The Economy was based on agriculture
a. The Pharaoh collected the largest amount
b. Crops/food that were produced were grain, eggs, meat, fruits, olive oil.
c. The pharaoh also taxed just about everything
d. People worked for the pharaoh
IV. Religion
a. Polytheism= belief in many gods and goddesses
i. These gods and goddesses controlled every human activity and all natural forces
ii. The major god is Ra, the sun god. Another major god was Sekmut who ruled the Nile River.
iii. Egyptians believed in life after death. The Book of the Dead contained spells that they believed were needed to pass into the afterlife. For hundreds of years, they believed only pharaohs and a few elite people could have life after death.
iv. Mummification- removed the body’s organs, dried out the body and wrapped the body with strips of linen.
V. Pyramids
a. Huge stone structures that were built as tombs or burial places for pharaohs
b. The Great Pyramid of Giza
i. Largest pyramid in Egypt
ii. Located near the city of Giza
iii. Built for the pharaoh Khufu
c. It took thousands of people and several years to build
d. The pyramids also contained items the pharaohs might need in the afterlife.
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